Global Problems
11. SınıfGlobal issues, cause and effect language, complex sentence connectors, passive advanced, solution essays
1. Global Issues Vocabulary
| Issue | Türkçe | Key fact |
|---|---|---|
| climate change | iklim değişikliği | 1.5°C threshold could be crossed by 2030s |
| food insecurity | gıda güvensizliği | 828 million people go hungry daily |
| water scarcity | su kıtlığı | 2.2 billion lack safe drinking water |
| biodiversity loss | biyoçeşitlilik kaybı | 1 million species threatened with extinction |
| forced migration | zorunlu göç | 100+ million displaced worldwide |
| pandemic preparedness | pandemi hazırlığı | COVID-19 exposed global vulnerability |
| digital divide | dijital uçurum | 37% of humanity still offline |
| nuclear proliferation | nükleer silah yayılması | 9 countries possess nuclear weapons |
| Term | Türkçe | Example |
|---|---|---|
| geopolitical | jeopolitik | Geopolitical tensions affect supply chains. |
| multilateral | çok taraflı | A multilateral approach is needed. |
| sustainable development | sürdürülebilir kalkınma | The UN SDGs target sustainable development. |
| carbon sequestration | karbon tutma / depolama | Forests act as carbon sequestration systems. |
| tipping point | eşik noktası | Scientists warn we are near a tipping point. |
| accountability | hesap verebilirlik | International accountability is lacking. |
| governance | yönetişim | Global governance must be reformed. |
| inequitable | eşitsiz, adaletsiz | The distribution of vaccines was inequitable. |
2. Cause & Effect Language
| Function | Connectors | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Cause | because (of), due to, owing to, as a result of, since, as, given that | Due to rising temperatures, glaciers are melting. |
| Effect | therefore, consequently, as a result, hence, thus, this leads to, this results in | Deforestation is accelerating; consequently, biodiversity is collapsing. |
| Purpose | in order to, so as to, so that, with the aim of, with a view to | Nations must cooperate in order to address climate change. |
| Condition | provided that, as long as, on condition that, unless, only if | Provided that emissions are cut, warming can be limited. |
3. Solution Essay Structure
| Paragraph | Content | Key Language |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Introduction | State the problem, its scale and significance | One of the most pressing issues facing humanity today is... / The scale of X cannot be overstated... |
| 2. Cause(s) | Explain why the problem exists | This problem stems largely from... / A key contributing factor is... / Due to... |
| 3. Solution 1 | First practical solution + justification | One effective measure would be... / Governments could... / If X were implemented, then... |
| 4. Solution 2 | Second solution + addressing objections | A further step would involve... / Admittedly, this approach has drawbacks; nevertheless... |
| 5. Conclusion | Summary + call to action | In conclusion, addressing X requires... / Only through collective action can we... |
4. Reading: The Water Crisis
One of the most pressing yet underreported global challenges is the water crisis. Due to a combination of climate change, population growth and inequitable distribution, over 2.2 billion people currently lack access to safe drinking water. As a result, preventable diseases claim millions of lives annually, and consequently, entire communities are trapped in cycles of poverty.
The causes are both natural and systemic. Rising temperatures are causing glaciers — which act as the world's freshwater reserves — to shrink. Since agriculture accounts for approximately 70% of global fresh water use, more efficient irrigation techniques must be adopted in order to reduce waste. Owing to poor governance and corruption in many regions, water infrastructure has been neglected for decades.
Solutions exist, provided that the political will can be found. In order to achieve universal water access by 2030 — a UN Sustainable Development Goal — annual investment must triple. With a view to long-term sustainability, governments must prioritise water recycling, desalination and the protection of aquifers. As long as world leaders treat water as a commodity rather than a right, the crisis will deepen. Water is not a luxury; it is a human right.
❓ Questions
- Find four cause/effect connectors. → "Due to" / "As a result" / "consequently" / "Since" / "Owing to"
- Find three purpose connectors. → "in order to" / "With a view to" / "In order to"
- Find a condition connector. → "provided that" / "As long as"
- What is the writer's conclusion? → Water is a human right, not a commodity; political will and investment are needed.
Unit Test
Binlerce Soru11. Sınıf Konuları
Tüm KonularTest Hakkında
- 194 soruluk havuz
- Her testte rastgele sorular
- Anında geri bildirim
- MC, True/False