Human in Nature
9. SınıfAnimals, habitats, passive voice, relative clauses, wildlife conservation, nature vocabulary
1. Nature & Wildlife Vocabulary
🐾 Animal & Habitat Terms
| Word | Türkçe | Example |
|---|---|---|
| predator / prey | avcı / av | The lion is the apex predator. |
| habitat | yaşam alanı | The polar bear's habitat is shrinking. |
| ecosystem | ekosistem | Every species plays a role in the ecosystem. |
| food chain / web | besin zinciri / ağı | Humans disrupted the food chain. |
| extinct / endangered | nesli tükenmiş / tehlikede | The Sumatran tiger is endangered. |
| migration | göç | Monarch butterflies migrate 4,000 km. |
| nocturnal | gece aktif | Owls are nocturnal hunters. |
| camouflage | kamuflaj | The octopus uses camouflage to hide. |
| poaching | kaçak avcılık | Poaching threatens rhino populations. |
| conservation | koruma | Conservation efforts saved the bald eagle. |
🌍 Biomes of the World
| Biome | Türkçe | Key Features |
|---|---|---|
| Tropical rainforest | Tropikal yağmur ormanı | High rainfall, greatest biodiversity |
| Savanna | Savan | Grassland, dry/wet seasons, Africa |
| Desert | Çöl | Low rainfall, extreme temperatures |
| Tundra | Tundra | Polar regions, permafrost |
| Coral reef | Mercan resifi | Ocean, huge biodiversity, fragile |
| Temperate forest | Ilıman orman | Four seasons, deciduous trees |
| Wetland | Sulak alan | Marshes, filter water, migratory birds |
2. Passive Voice — All Tenses
📌 Form: Subject + be (correct tense) + past participle (+ by agent)
Use: when the action is more important than who does it, or when the agent is unknown/obvious.
| Tense | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | Hunters kill elephants for ivory. | Elephants are killed for ivory. |
| Past Simple | Scientists discovered a new species. | A new species was discovered. |
| Present Perfect | Conservation has saved the bald eagle. | The bald eagle has been saved. |
| Future Simple | Climate change will threaten more species. | More species will be threatened. |
| Pres. Continuous | Researchers are tracking the wolves. | The wolves are being tracked. |
| Modal | We must protect endangered animals. | Endangered animals must be protected. |
⚠️ Common Mistakes
| ❌ The animal | ✅ The animal is protected every year. (them = obvious) |
| ❌ The tiger | ✅ Yes: was hunted by poachers — agent is relevant here. |
3. Relative Clauses — Defining & Non-Defining
Defining Relative Clauses
Hangi kişi/şey olduğunu tanımlar. Virgül yok. "that" kullanılabilir.
- Animals that are nocturnal hunt at night.
- The scientist who discovered penicillin was Fleming.
- The habitat where polar bears live is melting.
- Species whose numbers are falling need protection.
Non-Defining Relative Clauses
Ekstra bilgi verir. Virgülle ayrılır. "that" kullanılamaz.
- The Amazon, which is the world's largest rainforest, is shrinking.
- David Attenborough, who narrates nature documentaries, is 97.
- The WWF, which was founded in 1961, protects wildlife.
- Sumatran tigers, whose numbers are below 400, face extinction.
| Pronoun | Use | Defining | Non-Defining |
|---|---|---|---|
| who | people | ✅ | ✅ |
| which | things / animals | ✅ | ✅ |
| that | people / things | ✅ | ❌ |
| whose | possession | ✅ | ✅ |
| where | places | ✅ | ✅ |
| when | time | ✅ | ✅ |
4. Reading: The Last Vaquita
The vaquita, which is the world's smallest porpoise, is on the brink of extinction. It is estimated that fewer than ten individuals survive. This tiny creature, whose name means "little cow" in Spanish, lives only in the northern Gulf of California.
The primary reason the vaquita has been pushed to extinction is illegal fishing. Fishermen who use gillnets to catch totoaba fish — a species that is also endangered — accidentally trap and drown vaquitas. The totoaba's swim bladder, which is sold illegally in China for enormous sums, drives this trade.
International conservation organisations are working urgently to ban gillnets in the area. If illegal fishing is not stopped, the vaquita will disappear within years. Conservation biologists believe that if the vaquita were to vanish, it would represent a failure of humanity. The vaquita must be saved — before it is too late.
❓ Comprehension & Grammar Questions
- How many vaquitas are estimated to survive? → Fewer than ten.
- Why is the vaquita endangered? → Accidental trapping in gillnets used for totoaba fishing.
- Find a non-defining relative clause. → "which is the world's smallest porpoise" / "whose name means little cow"
- Find a passive verb. → has been pushed / is sold / must be saved
- What type of conditional is the last sentence? → Type 2 (hypothetical).
Unit Test
Binlerce Soru9. Sınıf Konuları
Tüm KonularTest Hakkında
- 82 soruluk havuz
- Her testte rastgele sorular
- Anında geri bildirim
- MC, True/False