Technology and Science
12. SınıfScience and technology discourse, complex passives, future of technology, scientific ethics, advanced structures
1. Advanced Science & Technology Vocabulary
| Term | Türkçe | Context |
|---|---|---|
| quantum computing | kuantum bilişim | Solving problems beyond classical computers |
| CRISPR | gen düzenleme teknolojisi | Editing DNA sequences precisely |
| neuroplasticity | nöroplastisite | Brain's ability to reorganise itself |
| singularity | teknolojisel tekillik | Point where AI surpasses human intelligence |
| bioethics | biyoetik | Ethics in biological/medical research |
| nanotechnology | nanoteknoloji | Manipulating matter at atomic scale |
| peer-reviewed | hakemli (dergi) | Validated by expert scrutiny |
| paradigm shift | paradigma değişimi | Fundamental change in scientific thinking |
| Term | Türkçe | Context |
|---|---|---|
| algorithm bias | algoritma önyargısı | AI reflecting human prejudices |
| surveillance capitalism | gözetim kapitalizmi | Monetising personal data |
| obsolescence | eskime, kullanım dışı kalma | Planned obsolescence drives consumption |
| transhumanism | transhümanizm | Enhancing humans with technology |
| reproducibility crisis | tekrarlanabilirlik krizi | Many studies cannot be replicated |
| open-source | açık kaynak | Freely available and modifiable code |
| disruptive innovation | yıkıcı inovasyon | Technology that overturns existing markets |
| exponential growth | üstel büyüme | Computing power doubles every two years |
2. Complex Passive Structures — Complete Reference
| Structure | Example | Zaman / İşlev |
|---|---|---|
| is/are + pp | Data is analysed by machine learning algorithms. | Present simple passive |
| was/were + pp | The vaccine was developed in record time. | Past simple passive |
| has/have been + pp | Quantum supremacy has been achieved. | Present perfect passive |
| had been + pp | The flaw had been overlooked for years. | Past perfect passive |
| will be + pp | More species will be sequenced by 2030. | Future passive |
| is being + pp | A cure is being developed as we speak. | Present continuous passive |
| modal + be + pp | AI must be regulated before it is too late. | Modal passive |
| modal + have been + pp | The risks should have been assessed earlier. | Past modal passive |
| get + pp (informal) | The data got corrupted during transfer. | Informal / accidental |
| have sth + pp (causative) | The lab had its results verified externally. | Causative passive |
3. Scientific Ethics — Key Debates
| Debate | Arguments For | Arguments Against |
|---|---|---|
| CRISPR gene editing | Eliminates hereditary diseases; could cure cancer | Designer babies; inequality of access; unforeseen consequences |
| AI in medical diagnosis | Greater accuracy; 24/7 availability; reduces bias | Accountability gaps; data privacy; algorithmic bias |
| Human enhancement | Extends healthy lifespan; cognitive augmentation | Creates "enhanced" vs "natural" inequality; loss of humanity |
| Open science | Accelerates discovery; removes paywalls; democratises knowledge | Quality control; plagiarism risk; commercial exploitation |
4. Reading: The Age of Biological Intelligence
We are living through what many scientists consider the most consequential decade in the history of biology. Diseases that have been considered incurable for centuries are being dismantled by CRISPR gene editing. Cancer cells are being reprogrammed by personalised immunotherapy. Brain-computer interfaces have already been implanted in human subjects, and the first commercial applications will be approved within this decade.
It is widely acknowledged that these developments carry profound ethical implications. The question of who should be permitted to access gene therapies — and whether such treatments should be allowed to move beyond curing disease into enhancing healthy individuals — has not yet been resolved. A global regulatory framework urgently needs to be established.
The reproducibility crisis, meanwhile, means that a significant proportion of published research cannot be replicated. Had the scientific community addressed this problem earlier, public trust in science would not have been so severely damaged during the COVID-19 pandemic. The lesson is clear: technological capability must always be matched by ethical accountability. Science should be guided not only by what can be done, but by what should be done.
❓ Questions
- Find five different passive structures. → "have been considered" / "are being dismantled" / "have already been implanted" / "will be approved" / "has not yet been resolved" / "needs to be established" / "cannot be replicated"
- Find a past modal passive. → "Had the scientific community addressed this problem" (Type 3 conditional)
- What does the writer argue about technological capability? → It must be matched by ethical accountability.
- What has damaged public trust in science? → The reproducibility crisis (many studies cannot be replicated).
Unit Test
Binlerce Soru12. Sınıf Konuları
Tüm KonularTest Hakkında
- 246 soruluk havuz
- Her testte rastgele sorular
- Anında geri bildirim
- MC, True/False