Back to School

11. Sınıf

Academic vocabulary, complex sentence structures, cleft sentences, emphasis structures, school and university life

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Unit 1: Back to School

Akademik Dil · Cleft Sentences · Emphasis · University Life

📌 11. Sınıf 📚 Unit 1
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1. Academic & University Vocabulary
Word / PhraseTürkçeExample
dissertation / thesistez, bitirme çalışmasıShe is writing her dissertation on AI ethics.
peer reviewakran değerlendirmesiAll papers undergo peer review before publication.
seminar / lectureseminer / dersThe seminar encouraged open debate.
syllabusders izlencesiCheck the syllabus for required readings.
prerequisiteön koşul dersCalculus is a prerequisite for physics.
plagiarismintihalPlagiarism results in automatic failure.
empiricalampirik, deneyselEmpirical evidence supports the theory.
hypothesishipotezThe hypothesis was tested and confirmed.
Word / PhraseTürkçeExample
curriculum vitae (CV)özgeçmişAlways tailor your CV to the role.
internshipstajShe completed a summer internship at Google.
merit-basedliyakate dayalıScholarships are merit-based.
accreditationakreditasyonThe programme has international accreditation.
cognitivebilişselReading improves cognitive skills.
multidisciplinaryçok disiplinliAI is a multidisciplinary field.
critical thinkingeleştirel düşünmeUniversities prioritise critical thinking.
academiaakademia, akademik dünyaShe built a successful career in academia.
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2. Cleft Sentences — Vurgu Cümleleri

📌 Cleft sentences — cümlenin belirli bir bölümünü vurgulamak için kullanılır.

İki temel türü vardır: It-cleft ve Wh-cleft (pseudo-cleft).

TypeStructureNormal SentenceCleft Version
It-cleft (subject)It is/was + X + that/who + restEinstein developed the theory of relativity.It was Einstein who developed the theory of relativity.
It-cleft (object)It is/was + X + that + restShe enjoys reading academic papers.It is reading academic papers that she enjoys.
It-cleft (time)It was + time + thatHe realised his mistake after the exam.It was after the exam that he realised his mistake.
Wh-cleft (subject)What + S + V + is/was + XShe needs more practice.What she needs is more practice.
Wh-cleft (verb phrase)What + S + did + was + baseHe changed the entire curriculum.What he did was change the entire curriculum.
💬 Academic Context Examples
  • It is critical thinking that universities value most, not memorisation.
  • What students struggle with is time management, not the content itself.
  • It was only after her third year that she found her true academic passion.
  • What the research showed was that collaborative learning improves outcomes.
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3. Other Emphasis Structures
StructureExampleEffect
do/does/did + base verbShe does understand the material — she just freezes in exams.Olumlu cümleyi güçlendirir
The very + nounThe very idea of dropping out horrified her parents.En, tam da
Such + noun phraseSuch was her dedication that she studied 14 hours a day.Dramatik vurgu
So + adj + thatThe exam was so difficult that half the class failed.Derece / sonuç
FrontingRarely had a student shown such promise. / Hard work, that is what defines success.Bilinen bilgiyi öne almak
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4. Reading: What Is Education Really For?

It is not grades that determine a student's future — or at least, so argue a growing number of educators. What matters most, they claim, is the development of critical thinking, creativity and emotional intelligence. It was the philosopher John Dewey who first argued, over a century ago, that education should be about experience, not mere information transfer.

Yet the reality in many schools today does feel at odds with this ideal. Students sit in rows, memorise facts and are ranked by their ability to reproduce them under pressure. Such is the pressure of competitive entrance examinations that many students sacrifice mental health for marks. What the research consistently shows is that this approach produces anxiety, not achievement.

The solution is not simple, but it is education reform that the evidence demands. What we need are schools that teach students how to think, not what to think. It is only by nurturing curiosity that we can hope to produce the innovators and problem-solvers the 21st century requires.

❓ Grammar Analysis
  1. Find three it-cleft sentences. → "It is not grades that" / "It was the philosopher John Dewey who" / "it is education reform that"
  2. Find two wh-cleft sentences. → "What matters most" / "What the research consistently shows" / "What we need"
  3. Find an example of "such...that". → "Such is the pressure...that many students sacrifice mental health"
  4. Find an emphasis "do". → "does feel at odds"
Unit Test
Binlerce Soru
11. Sınıf Konuları
Tüm Konular
Test Hakkında
  • 190 soruluk havuz
  • Her testte rastgele sorular
  • Anında geri bildirim
  • MC, True/False